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Une série de contributions présentée en trois parties : la fracture européenne, les élites européennes sans racines et la démocratie élitiste. Ces réflexions ont pour objectif de s'interroger sur le procès en élitisme fait à la construction européenne : est-il fondé, s'agit-il d'un préjugé?.

Elite (Social sciences)

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In The Politics of the Welfare State in Turkey, author Erdem Yörük provides a politics-based explanation for the post-1980 transformation of the Turkish welfare system, in which poor relief policies have replaced employment-based social security. This book is one of the results of Yörük's European Research Council-funded project, which compares the political dynamics in several emerging markets in order to develop a new political theory of welfare in the global south. As such, this book is an ambitious analytical and empirical contribution to understanding the causes of a sweeping shift in the nature of state welfare provision in Turkey during the recent decades--part of a global trend that extends far beyond Turkey. Most scholarship about Turkey and similar countries has explained this shift toward poor relief as a response to demographic and structural changes including aging populations, the decline in the economic weight of industry, and the informalization of labor, while ignoring the effect of grassroots politics. In order to overcome these theoretical shortages in the literature, the book revisits concepts of political containment and political mobilization from the earlier literature on the mid-twentieth-century welfare state development and incorporates the effects of grassroots politics in order to understand the recent welfare system shift as it materialized in Turkey, where a new matrix of political dynamics has produced new large-scale social assistance programs.

Elite (Social sciences)

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Elite (Social sciences)

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Le " néo-machiavélisme " s'inspire de la philosophie politique de Machiavel, qui privilégie l'analyse « réaliste » ou phénoménologique de l'action politique, en disant comment les hommes agissent effectivement (" la verità effetuale "). À cet égard, le philosophe florentin considère que la politique comme " libido dominandi " repose sur deux moyens spécifiques : la force et la ruse. Une telle conception le conduit à prendre en considération les stratégies de pouvoir construites par le « Prince " et la classe dirigeante. C'est dans cette perspective théorique que s'inscrit la théorie « néo-machiavélienne " des élites. C'est un courant sociologique élaboré au XIXèmesiècle, en Italie et en Allemagne essentiellement, avec des penseurs comme Vilfredo Pareto, Gaetano Mosca, Roberto Michels. Il dénonce les limites et les impossibilités de la démocratie représentative, en montrant que dans toute société, il y a toujours une " minorité gouvernante » et une " majorité de gouvernés " ou que l'oligarchie est l'essence même de tous les régimes, la démocratie y compris, voire de toutes les organisations sociales. Est-il pertinent de soumettre le processus de démocratisation au Sénégal à l'épistémologie « néo-machiavélienne " ? "At the peak of every political system is a relatively small handful of individuals who are far more involved in politics than ordinary citizens. They are the ones who dominate the political processes and make politics and government a full-time career. This small group of leaders is usually referred to as political elite. (...). The political elite is the most influential of this small group of interest and involved citizens " (Wilson 1996 : 114).

Elite (Social sciences) --- Power (Social sciences)

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A sequel to the author's trailblazer (""China's Elite Politics: Political Transition and Power Balancing"", published by World Scientific in 2007), this book tackles the issue of governance in China. It provides up-to-date information on China's political elites and evaluates their ability to deal with crises through four case studies: the Tibet issue, the Taiwan issue, the Sichuan Earthquake, and the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.

Elite (Social sciences) --- China --- Politics and government